Expanding a business abroad is a dream for many entrepreneurs, and with the right institutional support, it’s entirely possible. Massimo Carnelos, Head of the Innovation, Technology, and Startups Office at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, explains how the ministry is helping Italian startups go global—especially in the U.S. market.
Your diplomatic career started over 20 years ago, and today you focus on innovation and technology. How did that transition happen?
“I started my career in diplomacy, with assignments in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. A few years ago, I shifted my focus to innovation and technology—a somewhat unconventional path for a diplomat, but an increasingly strategic one. Innovation drives economic growth and global competition. Recognizing this, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs created a dedicated office, which I now lead, to support Italian businesses in international markets through what we call ‘innovation diplomacy.’”
“Innovation diplomacy” is an intriguing concept. Can you explain what it entails?
“Technological innovation has always been a key driver of economic and social progress. Today, international relations are deeply influenced by technology, and nations at the forefront of innovation wield significant influence. Innovation diplomacy is about creating opportunities for Italian businesses and research institutions abroad, helping them access strategic markets, foster collaborations, and attract investments.”
Artificial intelligence is one of the most debated topics today. Some fear it, while others see it as an opportunity. What’s your take?
“AI is an extraordinary opportunity. It’s already delivering massive benefits in fields like medicine and scientific research. Fear often stems from a lack of understanding. Instead of rushing to regulate AI before we fully grasp its potential, we should focus on developing skills and leveraging it to our advantage. Innovation cannot be stopped—it needs to be guided wisely.”
Italian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are lagging in AI adoption compared to other countries. Why is that?
“The issue isn’t fear of innovation but rather a lack of proper tools and a mindset geared toward exponential growth. Italian SMEs are competing in a global market that won’t wait for them to catch up. AI can boost productivity and efficiency—businesses must learn to harness its potential to stay competitive.”
Let’s talk about Italian startups in the U.S. What are their biggest challenges, and how does your office support them?
*”Startups thrive on rapid, exponential growth fueled by venture capital investments. Italy has incredible talent and creativity, but our domestic market is small. From day one, Italian startups need to think big and look to international markets—starting with the U.S.
Our role is to support them through economic diplomacy by bringing them to international events, connecting them with investors, and helping them scale. A concrete example is Innovit, our innovation hub in San Francisco, which provides training and networking opportunities in Silicon Valley.”*
Is Silicon Valley still the global benchmark for innovation?
“Absolutely. Despite changes over the years, Silicon Valley remains the ‘Champions League’ of innovation. Entrepreneurial boldness, access to capital, and a culture of risk-taking make this ecosystem unique. Even spending a short period there transforms how Italian startups think and operate. Our goal is to facilitate this exchange so that Italy can maximize the opportunities Silicon Valley offers.”
What’s next for your office?
“We’re preparing for an AI-focused festival in Cannes, where we’ll showcase Italy’s tech ecosystem with a dedicated pavilion. Our broader mission remains strengthening the international presence of Italian companies and positioning Italy as a strategic player in the key industries of the future.”
