A vibrational therapy could be used to replicate a strengthening activity like weightlifting in patients whose bones are broken or brittle, suggests a new study.
It addresses an interesting paradox: bones become denser when subjected to mechanical force and load—which is true even for broken bones—which can’t be subjected to mechanical force or load.
The study looked to see if, by examining genetic expression during a vibrational therapy on bones, it could be possible to replicate these laborious, healing forces in patients who can’t perform activities like weightlifting.
There’s an old saying in medicine which goes “break your hip, die of pneumonia.” While these two diseases might seem to have nothing in common, they’re a duo responsible for a large number of deaths among the elderly in society.
Bone density dramatically declines as we age, and is accelerated among those who don’t perform resistance exercise, strength training, or weightlifting.
“Ideally, we need new therapeutic approaches to delaying the breakdown of bone in old age,” said Neashan Mathavan, a researcher at the Department of Health Sciences at the Technical University of Switzerland (ETH).
Mathavan is a lead author on a new study that looked to see if bones fractured by old age could be thickened with a unique “vibration therapy” by exploiting the genetics of bone growth and repair.
Bone does not just grow in any which way—rather, the bone cells respond to external forces. If bones are subjected to targeted mechanical loading as they heal following a fracture, they can potentially become larger, denser and more stable than they were before the fracture occurred.
While this was demonstrated in mice, the mechanism that drives this effect isn’t understood.
“Only if we understand these mechanisms can we use them as the basis for developing new therapies,” Mathavan told the university press.
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Working alongside Ralph Müller, whose trials with the mice set the board for this new research, Mathavan sought to precisely map out gene activity in mice receiving this vibrational therapy for a broken leg.
“For each point in the bone, we now know what mechanical conditions exist there, where bone is being formed and where bone is being broken down,” explains ETH professor Müller.
Among the findings were locations where genes that drive bone mineralization and collagenous bone matrix formation became active, but also, and perhaps more critically, where in the bone were genes that inhibit the growth of bone activated.
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This genetic polarity will be key to designing new therapeutic approaches that allow fractures to heal better and bones to remain strong even in old age.
“We will see which direction it takes,” says Müller. “It’s likely that vibration therapy will involve fewer side effects than treatment using drugs.”
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